The man-hour curve sure is an abstraction. The man-hour curve signifies something more real and solid compared to what debt does. So, it's a question of difference in degrees of abstraction that gives validity to the statement.
1)
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Do not confuse this with capitalism, the Free Market
or any other term an economist would use.
It is also very important to understand that this is not a political argument
and has absolutely nothing to do with political controls.
Does "argument" here mean "debate"?
2)
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A war on terror is something that could be justified until the end of time
because the enemy isn't someone you can pin down.
What is the meaning of "pin down"? To establish clearly?
1)
He continues to point out what exactly he's not talking about so that people won't misunderstand him. "...this is not a political argument..." is one of those points, where "argument" means that this is a statement not meant to give rise to or reinforce political movements or ideologies. In other words: "This is not about politics!" or "This is not an argument serving any political purpose."
2)
Yes. "Pin down" means to pinpoint, point out, spot, identify. It also means to force or fix someone into a position or situation.
During combat, a squad receiving enemy fire in such amounts that it can neither move without cover nor fire back is "pinned down". Crawling on the ground becomes the preferred means of transport.